# observation

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Click here to see guidelines for filling worksheet


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2005 deliverable, defined by quantity and type 
see comment for description of text required
To be filled by all staff



(For Admin staff click here to see some examples)


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Input Output Target Type from pull down list. 
To be filled by all staff.  For Admin staff, select ADMIN from pull down menu


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Yes or No. If no, please insert comment (Alt+ i,m) to explain why
To be filled by all staff


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Input Old MTP Output Label from pull down list (Click here to see details) 
To be filled by all staff.  For Admin staff, select ADMIN from the pull down menu


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(Optional) Input for own reference or leave blank. 
To be filled by scientific staff only.


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See comment for eligible types - put asterisk next to any developing country co-author 
To be filled by scientific staff only.
(Click here to see examples)


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Add one of three ratings to each output, namely: 
Excellent
Very Good/Good
Fair
To be filled by all supervisors


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(For Scientists click here to see generic target examples)


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Method for multi-scale assessment of soil condition developed and applied in Kenya, Madagascar and Mali.


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Wolfgramm B, Seiler B, Guntli D, Kneubühler M, Kellenberger T, Shepherd K and Liniger H 2005. Combining soil spectral reflectance data and satellite imagery to assess impacts of land use on soil fertility in Tajikistan. Poster at Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Processing in the Assessment and Monitoring of Land Degradation and Desertification, 7-9 September 2005, Trier, Germany.


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NOTE: Increasing number of projects are incorporating this methodology for baseline assessments.

Vågen T-Gunnar, Walsh, MG and Shepherd KD (2005) Stable carbon isotopes for characterisation of past land use and trends in soil carbon following deforestation and land use change in the highlands of Madagascar. Geoderma (in press)

Vågen T-Gunnar, Shepherd KD and Walsh MG (2005) Sensing landscape level change in soil quality following deforestation and conversion in the highlands of Madagascar using Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Geoderma (in press).

Cohen MJ, Brown MT and Shepherd KD (2005) Estimating the environmental costs of soil erosion at multiple scales in Kenya using emergy synthesis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (accepted).


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Global soil infrared spectral library of over 4000 samples established and calibrations for soil properties established.


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Brown D, Shepherd KD, Walsh MG (2005). Global soil characterization using a VNIR diffuse reflectance library and boosted regression trees. Geoderma (in press).


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Generalizable soil condition index method developed based on an infrared spectral library of western Kenya soils and sediments and used as a baseline and monitoring tool for the Western Kenya Ecosystem Management Project.


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Database of historic NDVI and rainfall trends in the West Africa Sahel established (1982-2004) and land degradation risk domains mapped for West Africa Sahel using a modified rain use efficiency


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Database of near-infrared spectral indicators of soil fertility established at plot, farm and district scale in Kenya and Uganda and used to quantify variability in soil fertility at different spatial scales.


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Owiyo*, T.M. 2005. Modeling Land Degradation Attributes Using Soil Spectral Data, Terrain Attributes and Satellite Data in Western Kenya. PhD dissertation. Cornell University, USA.


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Okeyo Jeremiah Mosioma's MSc proposal 'Analysis of spatial variation in soil fertility in Vihiga District ' submitted.

Waithaka MM. Thornton PK, Shepherd KD, Ndiwa, NN (2006) Factors affecting the use of fertilizers and manure by smallholders: the case of Vihiga, western Kenya. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems (submitted)

Waithaka MM. Thornton PK, Shepherd KD, Ndiwa, NN (2006) Enhancing sustainable soil fertility management by smallholders: the case of Vihiga, western Kenya. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems (submitted)

Waithaka MM. Thornton PK, Herrero M, Shepherd KD, Ndiwa, NN (2006) Bio-economic evaluation of farmers’ perceptions of viable farms in Western Kenya. Agricultural Systems (submitted).


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National scientists in Kenya, Malawi, and Uganda trained in near-infrared spectroscopy and its application to soil fertility assessment at different scales.


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Awiti*, A.; Walsh, M.; Shepherd, K. 2005. The Effects of Land Use Land Cover Change on Soil Functional Capacity: Patterns, Process and Implications. Paper at Deutscher Tropentag, October 11-13, 2005, Hohenheim “The Global Food & Product Chain—Dynamics,  Innovations, Conflicts, Strategies”.


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Two PhD and two MSc scientists supervised. Numerous international and national scientists give short-term training. Near-infrared spectrometer installed in national soil laboratory in Mali and national staff trained in soil spectral library acquisition.


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Method developed for rapid characterization of orgainc residue quality and decomposition using near-infrared spectroscopy.


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Shepherd, K.D.; Vanlauwe, B.; Gachengo*, C.N.; Palm, C.A. 2005. Decomposition and mineralization of organic residues predicted using near infrared spectroscopy. Plant and Soil 277:315-333.

Vanlauwe, B.; Gachengo*, C.; Shepherd, K.D.; Barrios, E.; Cadisch, G.; Palm, C.A. 2005. Validation of a resource quality-based conceptual framework for organic matter management. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69:1135-1145.


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Database of soil delta-C-13, organic carbon and infrared reflectance spectra under different land uses constructed for Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, and Uganda


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High throughput Fourier-Transform near-infrared and mid-infrared spectrscopy methods developed for rapid soil analysis.


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This has been a major breakthrough in scaling up NIR technology and attracting internatioinal interest


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Demonstration of use of near infrared spectrscopy for rapid prediction of soil carbon mineralization rates of different soil fractions.


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Mutuo PK, Shepherd KD, Albrecht A, and Cadisch G (2005) Prediction of Carbon Mineralization Rates from Different Soil Physical Fractions Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. Soil Biology & Biochemistry (in press)


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2006 deliverable, defined by quantity and type 
see comment for description of text required
To be filled by all staff

(For Admin staff click here to see some examples)


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Input Output Target Type from pull down list
To be filled by all staff.  For admin staff select ADMIN


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Old MTP Output from pull down list. 
To be filled by scientific staff only.
(Click to see details)


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(Optional) for own reference or leave blank
To be filled by scientific staff only.


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Persons whose use of output will lead to change related to ICRAF/CGIAR goals. 
To be filled by scientific staff only.
(Click here to see full listing of users)


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List main institution or organisation
To be filled by scientific staff only.


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To be filled by all staff.  
For scientific staff this is in line with 2006 POWB as submitted to Finance in September 2005


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As 2006 POWB submitted to Finance in Sept 2005 (Click to see donor list)
To be filled by Scientific staff only


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Review paper on use of near infrared spectroscopy for assessment of soil, crop and livestock health submitted to Journal of Near Infrared Spectrscopy


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International research institutions and scientists
National research institutions and scientists


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Paper on high-throughput mid-infrared analysis of soils submitted to an international journal


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Partners trained in use of infrared spectroscopy for land degradation assessment in research and development projects: 2 PhD and 2 MSc theses published; one training course for ten scientists from five West African Countries; technical backstopping of partners in Mali and Mozambique.


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National research institutions and scientists


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Kenyatta University; University of Nairobi; KARI, Kenya; IER, Mali; Mozambique Government


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Strategy paper on science and technology capacity building needs for NEPAD.


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Inter-governmental bodies; national policy makers


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Keynote presentation and 2 posters on infrared spectroscopy for land degradation assessment presented at World Congress of Soil Science.


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Two popular articles on infrared spectroscopy for rapid soil analysis.


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National scientists; policy makers; donors


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Georeferenced spectral library and soil condition index established for baseline assessment of soil degradation in Segou, Mali.


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Infrared spectral libraries of soil and leaf tissues established for maize and banana nutrient response trails in Kenya and Uganda.


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Performance Management Form C 
This worksheet should be filled by Scientists only)


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ICRAF Medium Term Plan 2007 to 2009 Template


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Funds provided by Collaborators or Partners in US$


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Non-Financial Contributions by Collaborators or Partners


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Define deliverables by quantity and type. 
See comment for description of text required
(Click here to see generic target examples)


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Input Output Target Type from pull down list


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Input New MTP Output Label from pull down list.  (Click here to see how old outputs relate to new outputs WS5)


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(Optional) Input for own reference or leave blank


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Persons whose use of output will lead to change related to ICRAF/CGIAR goals. (Click here to see full listing of users)


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please leave blank, theme leaders to fill


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this will be added automatically depending on MTP output chosen


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Electronic atlas and database of land degradation domains in west Africa Sahel and land degradation trends in Segou, Mali published.


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National institutions and scientists; national policy makers


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Training manual on land degradation surveillance published.


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Paper series on land degradation in Kenya Lake Victoria basin submitted.


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University of Nairobi; KARI/NALEP, Kenya


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Soil monitoring protocol established for smallholder farmers in Mozambique


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Technical backstopping and capacity building on land degradation surveillance to CGIAR projects, including under the Sub-Saharan Challenge Programme; UN Millennium Villages; and national research institutions in India, Kenya, Uganda, Mali, Mozambique


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National institutions and scientists; private sector


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TSBF-CIAT; ICRISAT; KARI, Kenya; NARO, Uganda; IER, Mali; Mozambique Government


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Test of method of infrared spectroscopic analysis of soil and leaf samples for prediction of maize and banana response to nutrients.


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Protocol developed for integrated assessment of soil, crop, and livestock health using infrared spectroscopy


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Interantional and National institutions and scientists


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National level soil degradation surveillance system initiated in one African country


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Technical backstopping and capacity building on land degradation surveillance to CGIAR and other projects, including under the Sub-Saharan Challenge Programme; UN Millennium Villages; UNDP; and national research institutions in India, Kenya, Uganda, Mali, Mozambique


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TSBF-CIAT; ICRISAT; KARI, Kenya; NARO, Uganda; IER, Mali; Mozambique Government; India Government


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Protocol validated for integrated assessment of soil, crop, and livestock health using infrared spectroscopy


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Technical backstopping and capacity building on land degradation surveillance and use of infrared spectrscopy in agriculture for national research institutions in ten countries.


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TSBF-CIAT; ICRISAT; KARI, Kenya; NARO, Uganda; IER, Mali; Mozambique Government; India Government; and other governments


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Technical support to site teams in development of methods for: a) maintaining systems integration; b) ensuring equity and representation in watershed management; and c) participatory M&E.


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German, L.; *Kidane, B.; *Mekonnen, K. 2005. Watershed management to counter farming systems decline: Toward a demand-driven, systems-oriented research agenda. AgREN Network Paper 145.


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AHI Briefs: (1) German, L. (2005) Training Course on Participatory Integrated Watershed Management.  AHI Brief T2; (2) German, L. (2005) Training Course on Tracking Technology ‘Spillover.’  AHI Brief T3; (3) German, L., B. Kidane, R. Shemdoe and M. Sellungato (2005) A Methodology for Understanding Niche Incompatibilities in Agroforestry.  AHI Brief C2; (4) German, L., S. Charamila and T. Tolera (2005) Negotiation Support in Watershed Management: A Case for Decision-Making beyond the Farm Level.  AHI Brief E2; (5) Opondo, C., L. German, S. Charamila, A. Stroud and R. K Khandelwal (2005) Process Monitoring and Documentation for R&D Team Learning: Concepts and Approaches.  AHI Brief B5 (Institutional Innovations for R&D).


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Includes 1 month in Ethiopia to support watershed management innovations and implementation of CAPRi grant (including data collection and analysis for Situation Analysis in 2 sites; cross-site synthesis; 3 workshops; action research protocol development for 7 themes).


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German, L.; *Mowo, J.G.; *Kingamkono, M.; Nuñez, J. 2005. Scaling up strategically: A methodology for understanding patterns and limits to ‘spillover’ of farm-level innovations.  Proceedings of the 10th Regional Conference of the Southern and Eastern African Association for Farming Systems Research and Extension, Lilongwe, 19-21 September, 2005.


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Finalizing these delayed by poor performance of Information & Communication Specialist.  Two of the 3 draft methods guides will be used as curricula for 2006 regional training events.


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Methods for multi-stakeholder engagement for improved equity and systems integration advanced through support to field assistants and site team members.


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This consisted of quarterly planning and review with 3 research assistants; and in-field testing of approaches under development in Tanzania and Ethiopia.  Successes include tree species substitutions in several niches (springs, tea estates); community nurseries planned with niche compatibility in mind; and a stakeholder-based planning and monitoring approach to optimize returns to diverse land users across a host of watershed themes (agroforestry, soil conservation, spring management, porcupine control, women's land tenure, etc.).


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German, L.; *Charamila, S.; *Kidane, B.; *Tolera, T.; *Shemdoe, R. 2005. Integrating trees into agricultural systems: Using empirical and action research for niche-compatible agroforestry. Proceedings of the 10th Regional Conference of the Southern and Eastern African Association for Farming Systems Research and Extension, Lilongwe, 19-21 September, 2005.


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Select aspects of these methods enter into training events (regional watershed management course in 2006); presentations (2005 Gender and Collective Action conference of CAPRi; 2006 Mountain Symposium; 2005 SEAFSRE meetings; 2006 SfAA meetings) and other publications (Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment; CAPRi; 2005 AHI Brief; edited volumes).  Content will be adapted to "practitioner" audience in the forms of a Methods Guide in 2006.


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Review papers in 3 themes of AHI Regional Conference and report to authors.


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German, L.; *Taye, H.; *Charamila, S.; *Tolera, T.; *Tanui, J. 2005. The Many Meanings of Collective Action: Lessons on Enhancing Gender Inclusion and Equity in Watershed Management Programs.  International Workshop on Gender and Collective Action, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 17-21 October, 2005.


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19 papers reviewed for content and presentation and sent to authors for final review.


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2 conference papers delivered on AHI methods at the SEAFSRE conference: (1) Niche-compatible agroforestry; and (2) tracking technology spillover.


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Both papers very well received.  Spillover paper was so enthusiastically received that the paper was invited for inclusion in the FSRE Global Learning Opportunity agenda in Rome (presented on my behalf by C. Opondo).


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2 conference papers delivered at American Anthropological Association meetings.


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Paper co-written with R. Verma and D. Russell, and will be included in an edited volume being developed by German, Verma and Ramisch.


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AHI program coordination (un-planned): (1) management of reporting, work plan review & financial transfers of AHI benchmark sites; (2) detailed planning for use of EU capacity building & CGS research funds; (3) detailed planning & implementation of IDRC knowledge management grant; (4) organizing team for fund mobilization (SSA-CP, World Bank, draft IDRC CN, AGM); (5) 2006 POWB; (6) interviewing & hiring of 3 new staff (Finance & Admin, Program Officer, Info & Communications Specialist); (7) annual reports for IDRC.


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Any missed performance targets can be largely attributed to this unexpected turn of events mid-year.  Most technical activities were dropped to focus on continuity in management and technical oversight of the regional program.  Performance assessments should therefore take into account a 4-month period in which I focused on un-planned activities and one month of unpaid leave.


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For purposes data entry into the database, the worksheet will automatically pick up the staff name from Cell A2 and copy it in each row of column K.


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3 Technical Manuals Produced: (1) Tracking the Fate of Introduced Technologies; (2) Participatory Integrated Watershed Management; and (3) Niche-Compatible Agroforestry.


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National research institutions, development agencies, extension institutions, NGOs, extension agents, scientists, technical colleges.


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2 Regional Courses Designed and Held as Lead Scientist: (1) Tracking the Fate of Introduced Technologies; and (2) Participatory Integrated Watershed Management.  Oversight to 3 regional courses designed by other RRT members.


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National research institutions, development agencies, extension institutions.


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Resource persons from partner NARS; scientists from 10 NARS.


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4 teams in AHI benchmark sites supported to improve their performance and knowledge management.


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CBOs, farmers, researchers, extension agents.


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2 conference papers delivered: (1) Mountain Symposium; and (2) Society for Applied Anthropology.  Papers submitted for peer review: (1) Designing integrated biophysical research; and (2) Collective action incentive structures for securing multiple benefits from agricultural landscapes.


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Scientists, international research institutions, national research institutions, development agencies.


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Researchers from Holetta Agricultural Research Centre.


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Program oversight: reporting; planning; finance; administration; technical & administrative oversight to site teams.


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2 refereed papers published: (1) Environment, Development and Sustainability; and (2) Agriculture and Human Values.  3 refereed papers revised: (1) Agriculture and Human Values;  (2) World Development; and (3) Agricultural Systems.


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Scientists, national research institutions, international research institutions.


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ASARECA-governed, EU-sponsored Competitive Grant System managed for quality research and implementation.


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Impact assessments designed and implemented in 4 AHI benchmark sites.


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CBOs, farmers, researchers, extension agents, national research institutions, NGOs.


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Farmers; NARS partners in AHI benchmark sites.


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Oversight of information needs assessments and product development for targeted end users (resource users, research and development practitioners, policy makers) in 4 AHI benchmark sites.


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CBOs, farmers, development agencies, government ministries, extension institutions, research institutions, NGOs, national policy makers, local policy makers.


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3 Technical Manuals Produced: (1) Integrated planning for research and development; (2) Designing integrated biophysical research; and (3) Acknowleding 'stakes' and fostering equity in land use innovations.


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Literature review finalized and strategy developed for enhancing resilience in agricutlural R&D.


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Advanced Research Institutes and/or Foundations


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1 new institutional alliance developed for upscaling (institutionalizing) INRM methods developed in AHI benchmark sites.


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Government ministry, development agency, extension institution, NGO or national research institution.


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Edited volume on non-biophysical dimensions of agriculture and NRM published.


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3 Refereed Papers Published: (1) Integrating learning approaches for R&D; (2) Participatory integrated watershed management (evolution of concepts and methods); and (3) Enhancing gender inclusion & equity in watershed management.


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District INRM consortia to research diverse institutional models for institutionalizing INRM in 3 countries formed.


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Government ministries, development agencies, extension institutions, NGOs and national research institutions.


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District INRM consortia to research diverse institutional models for institutionalizing INRM in 3 countries operational.


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Regional workshop and case studies generate a "baseline" on dynamics undermining resilience in ECA agroecological systems.


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Institutional model (with approaches for integrated planning, monitoring and financing) for INRM at district and national level developed.


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9 pilot studies on enhancing resilience in agroecological systems operational.


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Third workshop for utilization and commercialization of dryland indigenous fruit tree species to improve livelihoods in East and Central Africa. for local people in dryland areas in Kenya


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Farmers and local people, International Research Institutions, National Research Institutions, Development NGOs


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Mt. Kenya Agoro-ecological Zone Survey Report (Working paper)


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Donors, farmers and local government staff,International Research Institutions, National Research Institutions, Development NGOs


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An ecological analysis of Mt. Kenya Agoro-ecological Zone Vegetation (Journal article)


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Expand Data Management  awareness to more regional and country level offices


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Linked our data management strategy to Meine's view of an impact oriented style of organizing SEA's research. Interacted with the Sahelian data managemennt champion during a bidiversity workshop. Follow-up with SA country offices (Lilongwe, Chipate and Tabora) did not matrialize


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Continue to support Regions that are already on board i.e. practising the current DM "gospel"


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Support for ECA data archiving continued but the feedback loop is not working as well as anticipated. Training held for the ECA Kisumu based data handlers. Efforts to bring Kisumu as the first outreach station for ECA hampterd by poor email connectivity. Linking data management to M&E activities in SA initiated with Martin Schuller; progress not much.


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Work on regional cases where there is an expressed need to move large volume data sets  to improved DM status and operation


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Methods for rapid acquisition of "data integration knowledge" not developed. The need is still there, but got more involved with external ICRAF partners than originally planned (ILRI, IWMI, Millennium villages)


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Maintain institute-wide progress in Data Management


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Completed the data managemet policy document and had it reviewed by the policy committee members


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Survey report of indigenous fruit tree species, mainly Baobab and Tamarindus in Kitui done in February 2005 by Zenroku Oginosako, Parnwell Simitu


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The survey was carried out mostly in Kitui District to know the situation of indigenous fruit tree species vegetation on farms and utilaization. It sugested that local farmers need a training to promote themselves in income-generation.


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Utilization and commercialization of dryland indigenous fruit tree species to improve livelihoods in East and Central Africa. Proceedings of a Regional workshop, KEFRI Kitui, Kenya 20-24 June 2005 done Bashir Jama, Zenroku Oginosako and Parnwell Simitu


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We have demonstrated the participants from 5 ECA countries how to make juice, jam and wine from several species, Baobab, Tamarindus, Mango, Vitex and others. We also did study tour to show more about incomegeneration activities related the indigenous fruit trees.


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Market-led domestication and utilization of indigenous dryland fruit tree species in East and Central Africa
-Conservation through utilization-ICRAF & KEFRI
6th July, 2005


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We produced the proposal of the above indigenous fruit tree speceis to promote the domestication andutilization of useful tree species to know more aobut the indigenous fruit trees and enhance utilization in a local community.


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ICRAF and Regional Partners’ Visit to the Drylands of India, 2nd June – 12th June 2005 (Trip Report)


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The objectives of the trip to the drylands of India were twofold: To visit dryland research and development programmes of India and become familiar with appropriate technologies for water harvesting and for value-addition of tree products, and  to see how Prosopis species is managed and utilised by local communities for various purposes such as charcoal and animal feed. The participants in the trip were drawn from five eastern and Central Africa countries: Kenya (9 participants), Uganda (1), Tanzania (1), Rwanda (1) and Ethiopia (1).


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We have carried out Mt. kenya field survey (vegetation, farmers and nursery) furing last 5 years. We expected to complete this aorking paper by 2005, but deu to many activities coming up, we could not finalize it. We will soon finish it by the end of March.


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An ecological analysis and characterization of Acacia species in Kenya


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An ecological Analysis and Characteristics of Acacia Species in Kenya" “TROPICS” of the Japan Society of Tropical Ecology (2005) TROPICS 14-4, pp 357-370.


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This paper was written about the Acacia tree species in Kenya and analyzed ecologically. Twenty eight species of 43 Kenyan Acacia tree species was found between altitude 0m and 2745m.The Acacia vegetation was highly related with altitude and other tree species.


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Second workshop for utilization and commercialization of dryland indigenous fruit tree species to improve livelihoods in East and Central Africa. for local people in Kitui and Mwingi districts, KEFRI Kitui, Kenya


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Support rehabilitation of old degrated research data by developing methods for rapidly acquiring metadata for preserving and integrating project data


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Widen dissemination of improved data management practoces by documenting the file-properties approcah to proactive data sharing and archiving in a distributed research environment


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Keep the data management campaign alive on by revising the data management guideline to be in line with the recently reviewed data management policy document


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Continue to provide adhoc data management support to identified champions in our regional offices


